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El paso de la Divina Pastora de San Antolín

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DIVINA-PASTORA.jpg

El paso de la Divina Pastora de San Antolín

 

Aunque el origen de esta advocación mariana tiene lugar en Sevilla en los albores del siglo XVIII, con anterioridad encontramos algunas referencias de ella en escritos de Juan el Geómetra, Gonzalo de Berceo y en el algún sermón de San Juan de Ávila[1]. Los promotores de la representación de la Santísima Virgen como Pastora de Almas fueron los frailes capuchinos, dirigidos, en este caso, por la persona de Fray Isidoro de Sevilla, quien encargaría la ejecución de una pintura a Alonso Miguel de Tovar, seguidor aventajado de Bartolomé Esteban Murillo.

Toda vez que la advocación se extendió de manera generalizada a través del reino de España, y de una manera particular por la orden de los capuchinos, encontramos a mediados del siglo XVIII algunas referencias en la Provincia de Murcia, como en Cartagena, Lorca, Jumilla o Murcia. En el caso de la Capital, existió el culto a la Divina Pastora, en los desaparecidos conventos de Capuchinos, en el Monasterio de la Encarnación (conocido como las Teresas), y en la Iglesia de San Antolín de la que se conserva la fotografía que ilustra este artículo, atribuida a Juan Almagro y conservada en el Archivo General Región de Murcia.

El paso de la Divina Pastora de San Antolín fue un grupo escultórico atribuido a Francisco Salzillo que se veneraba en una capilla propia de la antigua iglesia parroquial de San Antolín de Murcia, destruida en la Guerra Civil. Según la descripción de Fuentes y Ponte, la imagen de la Virgen aparecía sentada sobre un pequeño montículo con la pierna izquierda ligeramente adelantada y calzada con sandalias. La túnica era de color rojo cereza y el manto azul con estofados dorados. Acariciando una oveja con su mano diestra, ladeaba ligeramente la cabeza hacia el animal. Una serpiente estaba representada en el frente arrojando llamas por la boca de la que huyen dos ovejas. Sobre ellas, aparecía la imagen de San Miguel Arcángel blandiendo la espada. Completaban la escena dos niños ángeles que, al parecer, sostenían una corona[2]. El propio Fuentes y Ponte, en la relación de obras que describe en su biografía de Francisco Salzillo, no considera como propias del genial escultor las imágenes de los dos ángeles niños, San Miguel Arcángel, las ovejas y el dragón[3].

Según completa el historiador madrileño afincado en Murcia, esta Divina Pastora de San Antolín recibía culto de una Cofradía que se fundó con la apertura del templo (hacia 1774), y que estaba compuesta de 106 individuos de ambos sexos, con función anual si sus fondos económicos lo permitían. Algunos años, la Divina Pastora de San Antolín acompañada de su Cofradía concurría en la Solemne Procesión del Corpus Christi.

Lamentablemente, nos encontramos describiendo una joya escultórica desaparecida. Tras el inicio de la fratricida contienda de 1936, la Junta de Incautación del Patrimonio Artístico de Murcia intervino en la iglesia de San Antolín el 19 de agosto de 1936, pudiendo preservar aquel día, según el acta nº 4, los dos niños ángeles. En dicha acta, figura la descripción de las imágenes incautadas, en la que se menciona la autoría de Salzillo y se relacionan varias faltas de fragmentos de los dedos, incluso de los genitales. Junto a estas descripciones, en tinta roja, aparece la fecha de 14-11-40, en teoría la de devolución de las imágenes, aunque bien podemos preguntarnos dónde, si supuestamente la iglesia había quedado destruida.

 


[1]CRUCES RODRÍGUEZ, J.F. La Divina Pastora de las almas: historia de la advocación e iconografía, y su vinculación con la ciudad de Málaga. Advocaciones Marianas de Gloria, San Lorenzo del Escorial, 2012

[2]FUENTES Y PONTE, J. España Mariana, Provincia de Murcia, 1880

[3]FUENTES Y PONTE, J. Salzillo, su biografía, sus obras, sus lauros, 1890

 

 

Etiquetas: historia escultura


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Murcia me gusta. Ciudad clara de colores calientes, de piedras tostadas, color de cacahuete tostado. Y notas deliciosas de luz, las calles estrechas y sin aceras, las “veredicas del cielo”, las tiendas de los artesanos, el esparto y la cuerda. Y ahora en el crepúsculo, una luz maravillosa.

Jorge Guillen

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