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El antiguo Puente Mayor de Murcia

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puentemayor.jpg

El antiguo Puente Mayor de Murcia

Su fin comenzó a gestarse durante la noche de aquel domingo día 25 y la madrugada del lunes 26 septiembre de 1701, cuando una terrible crecida del río segura alertó a toda la población de Murcia. Los más ancianos aseguraban no haber visto jamás llegar las aguas a un punto tan elevado, así figura reflejado en las Actas Capitulares de la reunión extraordinaria del Concejo en la mañana de aquella fatídica jornada.

El desbordamiento del cauce fue imparable, produciendo daños en las casas colindantes al río y extramuros de la ciudad. Los Caballeros Regidores, en aquella reunión mañanera, trataron de paliar los daños producidos hasta entonces. El abastecimiento de carne había sido imposible de realizar durante la noche, solicitando a los conventos existentes en la ciudad su colaboración ante tal problema. Lo mismo sucedió con el pósito del pan, acordando entonces que se moliera todo el grano posible en los molinos de la acequia mayor, y aunque no faltaron las buenas intenciones y posibles remedios de los miembros del Concejo por ayudar y salvaguardar a la población, lo peor aún estaba por llegar.

Pasadas las dos de la tarde de aquel 26 de septiembre de 1701, la fuerza de las aguas terminó por destruir el antiguo Puente Mayor que unía las dos márgenes del río. Las consecuencias fueron catastróficas. El Concejo se volvió a reunir aquella misma tarde con carácter de urgencia en el Almudí. Tanto el Cabildo Eclesiástico, como la Santa Inquisición, presentes ante los Corregidores, se lamentaron semejante desgracia y mostraron su voluntad para lo que pudiera servir de alivio.

Este fue el lamentable final de un puente cuyo origen se remontaba al siglo XIV, aunque hay que señalar que diferentes intervenciones habían sido practicadas sobre el mismo a lo largo de su historia. Don Javier Fuentes y Ponte justificaba la desigual fisonomía en los arcos del puente merced a una de esas actuaciones, la cual se practicó durante el siglo XVI, y cuyas obras finalizaron en 1579. Independientemente de su historia, si podemos reconocer su aspecto gracias a un estudio realizado por Alonso Buendía en 1684 (A.M.M. leg. 3.948). En el mismo, figura un alzado donde se representan los dos ojos desiguales de este Puente Mayor. Uno de ellos de forma ojival (el del lado norte), situado junto al Torreón de la Inquisición. El otro era un arco de medio punto, situado al sur, junto al Matadero, sin duda realizado en una intervención posterior al primero. En el centro, separando ambos arcos, se presentaba el tajamar que apenas ascendía hasta la altura de los mismos. Otras singularidad de este desaparecido viaducto era que el tablero presentaba una ligera elevación en el centro.

La destrucción de aquel antiguo puente, lamentablemente, no fue solo consecuencia de aquella riada de 1701. Quizá, la del 14 de octubre de 1651, una de las más catastróficas que ha sufrido Murcia, conocida como la de San Calixto, y otras posteriores como la del 21 de diciembre de 1683, además de otra consecutiva apenas unos días después, el 6 de enero de 1684, causaron unos daños en la estructura del puente que no llegaron a ser reparados en su totalidad. En aquel informe de Alonso Buendía aparece reflejado la falta de un ladrillo y medio en la clave del arco apuntado, y el otro que se encontraba un en estado aún mas preocupante. Alonso hacía recomendación de colocar varias hiladas de cantería para proteger el mismo, pues el tráfico que soportaba era bastante intenso. Por otra parte, Melchor de Luzón, ingeniero real experto en arquitectura hidráulica, fue reclamado para su opinión sobre el asunto del estado del puente, el cual dejó clara su inquietud, apuntando sobre una intervención en el mismo donde debiera elevarse la altura de los ojos para evitar que las aguas tocaran la clave, y al mismo tiempo, fortificarse el tajamar que estaba bastante maltrecho. Pero aquí surge una constante, quizá histórica, en casi todas las obras proyectadas para las mejoras del cauce del río y sus diferentes puentes por el Concejo de la ciudad: la falta de financiación. Las fatales consecuencias ya las conocemos.

Tras aquella riada llamada de San García, el 26 de septiembre de 1701, comenzó una larga odisea para la reconstrucción de aquel antiguo Puente Mayor que se alargaría durante más de cuarenta años… pero eso pertenece a otra historia: la del Puente de los Peligros.
 
Referencias Bibliográficas:
Estrella Sevilla, Emilio. "Murcia: ciudad, territorio, cultura y agua".
De la Peña Velasco, Concepción. "El Puente Viejo de Murcia"
"Actas Capitulares. Archivo Municipal de Murcia"

Etiquetas: historia


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Murcia me gusta. Ciudad clara de colores calientes, de piedras tostadas, color de cacahuete tostado. Y notas deliciosas de luz, las calles estrechas y sin aceras, las “veredicas del cielo”, las tiendas de los artesanos, el esparto y la cuerda. Y ahora en el crepúsculo, una luz maravillosa.

Jorge Guillen

© LovingMurcia. 2018