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Pedro de Orrente

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autorretrato-pedro-de-orrente-sala-6.jpg

Pedro de Orrente

Aunque en Murcia continue siendo un artista poco reconocido, este célebre pintor murciano, enmarcado en un incipiente barroco naturalista, es considerado como uno de los más grandes de la pintura española de su época. Fue apodado como el “Bassano español”, por la influencia que ejercieron sobre su obra aquella familia de artistas manieristas del cinquecento italiano, y destacó especialmente por la realización de temas sobre el Antiguo Testamento. 

Pedro de Orrente y Jumilla nació en Murcia en 1580 y fue bautizado el 18 de abril de aquel año en la iglesia de Santa Catalina. Fue su padre un mercader de origen francés que casó en 1573 con una viuda murciana, Isabel de Jumilla. Aunque comenzó a conocer el oficio en un modesto taller de pintura de su ciudad natal, hacia el año 1600 ya se le sitúa en la ciudad de Toledo donde, al parecer, contrata su primera obra: un cuadro para la villa de Guadarrama, pintura que no se conserva. Su vida fue un continuo viaje, regresa a la capital murciana en 1604 y un año más tarde se le sitúa en Italia y más tarde en Venecia, donde mantendría contacto con el taller de Leandro Bassano, determinante en la configuración de su estilo en el que, además, se aprecian huellas de artistas manieristas como Veronés, Tintoretto o Caravaggio. 

Su primera obra fechada y firmada con precisión fue en 1612, y corresponde al cuadro la Bendición de Jacob, que perteneció a la colección Contini. En ese mismo año se produce el fallecimiento de su padre, y su matrimonio con María Matamoros, al que aporta una dote de 100 ducados y un valioso ajuar, según justificó el pintor e investigador murciano Muñoz Barberán.
En 1616 se encuentra en Valencia donde pinta para la catedral El martirio de  San Sebastián, este hecho provocaría algún conflicto con el pintor Francisco Ribalta. Un año después regresaría a Toledo, ciudad en la que entablaría una estrecha amistad con Jorge Manuel Theotocópuli, hijo de El Greco, del que, años más  tarde, apadrinaría dos de sus hijos. Allí pintó para la catedral toledana El Milagro de Santa Leocadia.

De nuevo en Murcia, en 1622 es contratado por la orden franciscana para ejecutar las pinturas del presbiterio de su convento de la Purísima Concepción, el cual no llegaría a concluir, haciéndolo Lorenzo Suárez ya en 1644. En aquel retablo, junto con otras tres pinturas, estuvo enmarcado el lienzo que se conserva en el MUBAM titulado Adoración de los pastores. Con igual nominación, el Museo del Prado expone otro lienzo de Pedro de Orrente fechado entre 1622-1625, pintura que llegó a pertenecer en 1769 a Carlos III. El dominio de las luces crepusculares en la pintura de Orrente, mezclado con elementos de la naturaleza en la interpretación de las escenas bíblicas le otorgó un estilo muy reconocible. Esto le reportó numerosos encargos con lo que su prestigio se extendió por toda la península, incluso el mismo Conde-duque de Olivares entablaría relación con el pintor murciano para la decoración del Palacio del Buen Retiro. 

Entre otras obras podemos destacar: los Discípulos de Emaús, El Repudio de Agar, Noé construyendo chozas, Partida de Job con sus rebaños, Viaje de Tobías y Sara, San Juan Crisóstomo, o El Primado de San Pedro. 
Quizá, Pedro de Orrente, pretendiendo consolidar aquella reputación que había ido adquiriendo con su obra, había solicitado en 1624 ser admitido en el Santo Oficio de la Inquisición, algo que no le sería fácil y cuya resolución favorable del expediente se alargaría hasta 1633 debido, entre otras cosas, a la condición extranjera de su padre. En aquel periodo el lugar de residencia habitual de Orrente sería Toledo, aunque con algún viaje circunstancial a Murcia. Otras ciudades en las que el artista murciano dejaría señaladas con su pintura fueron Cuenca, en la que pintó un Nacimiento para el Hospital de Santiago, y Córdoba, con un Santo Tomás incrédulo para su catedral.

Su últimos años transcurrieron en la ciudad de Valencia. En 1644, en un documento de pago que un sobrino suyo le efectúa a Lorenzo Suarez por la terminación de las obras del retablo de la Concepción, se le denomina a Pedro de Orrente como “vecino de Valencia”. Falleció el 19 de enero de 1645 y fue enterrado en la iglesia de San Martín de la ciudad valenciana.
 

REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS
"Museo de Bellas Artes de Murcia. La Colección Permanente". Región de Murcia. Consejería de Cultura. Dirección General de Bellas Artes y Bienes Culturales.
"Historia de la Región Murciana". Ediciones Mediterráneo.
Belda Navarro, Cristobal y Hernández Albadalejo, Elias. "Arte en la Región de Murcia".

Etiquetas: ilustres pintura


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Murcia me gusta. Ciudad clara de colores calientes, de piedras tostadas, color de cacahuete tostado. Y notas deliciosas de luz, las calles estrechas y sin aceras, las “veredicas del cielo”, las tiendas de los artesanos, el esparto y la cuerda. Y ahora en el crepúsculo, una luz maravillosa.

Jorge Guillen

© LovingMurcia. 2018